Major boundary control techniques ?

> Major boundary control techniques ? --Major Boundary Control techniques are given as follows: •Cryptography: It deals with programs for transforming data into cipher text that are meaningless to anyone, who does not possess the authentication to access the respective system resource or file. A cryptographic technique encrypts data (clear text) into cryptograms (cipher text) and its strength depends on the time and cost to decipher the cipher text by a cryptanalyst. Three techniques of cryptography are transposition (permute the order of characters within a set of data), substitution (replace text with a key-text) and product cipher (combination of transposition and substitution). •Passwords: User identification by an authentication mechanism norm ally with strong password may be a good boundary access control. A few best practices followed to avoid failures in this control system are; minimum password length, avoid usage of common dictionary words, periodic change of passwords, hashing of passwords and number of unsuccessful entry attempts.

Major Boundary Control techniques are given as follows: •Cryptography: It deals with programs for transforming data into cipher text that are meaningless to anyone, who does not possess the authentication to access the respective system resource or file. A cryptographic technique encrypts data (clear text) into cryptograms (cipher text) and its strength depends on the time and cost to decipher the cipher text by a cryptanalyst. Three techniques of cryptography are transposition (permute the order of characters within a set of data), substitution (replace text with a key-text) and product cipher (combination of transposition and substitution). •Passwords: User identification by an authentication mechanism norm ally with strong password may be a good boundary access control. A few best practices followed to avoid failures in this control system are; minimum password length, avoid usage of common dictionary words, periodic change of passwords, hashing of passwords and number of unsuccessful entry attempts. •Personal Identification Numbers (PIN): PIN is similar to a password. It is assigned to a user by an institution using a random number stored in its database and sent independently to a user after identification. It can also be a customer selected number. Hence, a PIN may be exposed to vulnerabilities while issuance or delivery, validation, transmission and storage.

Major Boundary Control techniques are given as follows: •Cryptography: It deals with programs for transforming data into cipher text that are meaningless to anyone, who does not possess the authentication to access the respective system resource or file. A cryptographic technique encrypts data (clear text) into cryptograms (cipher text) and its strength depends on the time and cost to decipher the cipher text by a cryptanalyst. Three techniques of cryptography are transposition (permute the order of characters within a set of data), substitution (replace text with a key-text) and product cipher (combination of transposition and substitution). •Passwords: User identification by an authentication mechanism norm ally with strong password may be a good boundary access control. A few best practices followed to avoid failures in this control system are; minimum password length, avoid usage of common dictionary words, periodic change of passwords, hashing of passwords and number of unsuccessful entry attempts. •Personal Identification Numbers (PIN): --------------------------------------- PIN is similar to a password. It is assigned to a user by an institution using a random number stored in its database and sent independently to a user after identification. It can also be a customer selected number. Hence, a PIN may be exposed to vulnerabilities while issuance or delivery, validation, transmission and storage. • Identification Cards: --------------------- Identification cards are used to store information required in an authentication process. These cards are to be controlled through the application for a card, preparation of the card, issue, use and card return or card termination phases. •Biometric Devices: ------------------- Biometric identification e.g. thumb and/or finger impression, eye retina etc. are also used as boundary control techniques.

**Boundary Controls:** The major controls of the boundary system are the access control mechanisms. Access control mechanism links authentic users to resources, they are permitted to access. The access control mechanism has three steps of identification, authentication and authorization with respect to the access control policy. **Major Boundary Control techniques are given as follows:** •**Cryptography:** It deals with programs for transforming data into cipher text that are meaningless to anyone, who does not possess the authentication to access the respective system resource or file. A cryptographic technique encrypts data (clear text) into cryptograms (cipher text) and its strength depends on the time and cost to decipher the cipher text by a cryptanalyst. Three techniques of cryptography are transposition (permute the order of characters within a set of data), substitution (replace text with a key-text) and product cipher (combination of transposition and substitution). •**Passwords:** User identification by an authentication mechanism norm ally with strong password may be a good boundary access control. A few best practices followed to avoid failures in this control system are; minimum password length, avoid usage of common dictionary words, periodic change of passwords, hashing of passwords and number of unsuccessful entry attempts. •**Personal Identification Numbers (PIN):** PIN is similar to a password. It is assigned to a user by an institution using a random number stored in its database and sent independently to a user after identification. It can also be a customer selected number. Hence, a PIN may be exposed to vulnerabilities while issuance or delivery, validation, transmission and storage. •**Identification Cards:** Identification cards are used to store information required in an authentication process. These cards are to be controlled through the application for a card, preparation of the card, issue, use and card return or card termination phases. •**Biometric Devices:** Biometric identification e.g. thumb and/or finger impression, eye retina etc. are also used as boundary control techniques.